Or, “go to law” (see 1 Cor. 6:1, 6, where the same Greek term is thus translated). Paul may here be referring to the central issue in the great controversy between good and evil. God’s character and justice have been, as it were, on trial before men and the whole universe (see Rom. 3:25, 26).

Or, “prevail.” The Greek word was sometimes used with reference to court trials.

 The quotation is taken from the LXX of Ps. 51:4. In this psalm David expressed the depth of his repentance for his sin with Bath-sheba and acknowledged that God was just in the condemnation and punishment of the sin. Paul appeals to these words of David in support of his argument in v. 3 that the unfaithfulness of men has by no means nullified the faithfulness of God, but rather has only served to establish God’s righteousness.

 The words of Ps. 116:11 in the LXX.

 Or, “let God continue to be true,” or “let God be found true,” or, “let God prove true.” Even though men have proved false to their trust, let God be seen and acknowledged to be true (see 2 Tim. 2:13).

 Gr. mē genoito, literally, “May it not come to pass.” Paul uses this expression 14 times, always to indicate a feeling of strong aversion. The corresponding Hebrew expression is chalilah, literally, “a profane, abominable, unthinkable thing” (see on 1 Sam. 20:2).

Or, “acknowledged righteous,” or “declared righteous.” This is the only meaning of the word that could be applied to the all-righteous God.