1. Kenneth L. Gentry, The Christian and Alcoholic Beverages (Grand Rapids, 1986), p. 108.
 2. Norman L. Geisler, “A Christian Persepctive on Wine-Drinking,” Bibliotheca Sacra (January—March 1982) : 49.
 3. Kenneth L. Gentry (n. 1), p. 50.
 4. Ibid., p. 54; see also Howard H. Charles, Alcohol and the bible (Scottdale, Pennsylvania, 1981), p. 19.
 5. Kenneth L. Gentry (n. 1), p. 50.
 6. William Hendricksen, New Testament Commentary : John (Grand Rapids, 1973), p. 115.
 7. Kenneth L. Gentry (n. 1), p. 52.
 8. 호와드 챨스 (Howard H. Charles)는 다음과 같이 말하였다. “비록 우리가 다른 결론을 바라지만 정직한 주석은 예수께서 이 경우에 혼인 잔치에서 마실 포도주를 일부러 더하셨다고 솔직하게 시인하도록 한다” (n. 4), p. 19.
 9. Kenneth L. Gentry (n. 1), p. 50.
 10. Ernest Gordon, Christ, the Apostles and Wine, An. Exegetical Study (Philadelphia, 1947), p. 13.
 11. Albert Barnes, Notes on the New Testament, Luke-John (London, 1875), vol 2, p. 197.
 12. Pliny, Natural History 23, 24, trans. W. H. S. Jones, The Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1961).
 13. Plutarch, Symposiac 8, 7.
 14. Albert Barnes (n. 11), p. 197.
 15. Henry M. Morris, The Bible Has the Answer (Nutley, New Jersey, 1971), p. 163.
 16. Rabbi Isidore Koplowitz, Midrash Yayin Veshechor. Talmudic and Midrashic Exegetics on Wine and Strong Drink (Detroit, 1923), p. 7.
 17. Midrash Rabbah Nosso 10 : cf. Shir Hashirim Rabba 2 ; 랍비 이시도르 코프로비츠 (n. 16), p. 33, 39에서 인용함.
 18. John Kitto’s Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature, 1845 ed., s. v. “Wine,” vol. 2, p. 951 에서 인용함.
 19. Ibid.
 20. Joseph P. Free, Archeology and Bible History (Wheaton, Illinois, 1950), p. 355.
 21. Leon c. Field, Oinos : A Discussion of the Bible Wine Question (New York, 1883), p. 57.
 23. As quoted in John Ellis, A Reply to “The Academy’s” Review of “The Wine Question in the Light of the New Dispensation” (New York, 1883), p. 182.
 24. 예를 들자면, John Charles Ellicot, ed., The Four Gospels in Ellicott’s Commentary on the Whole Bible (Grand Rapids, 1954), vol. 6, p. 394 ; Willian Barclary, The Gospel of John. (Philadelphia, 1956), p. 84 ; Adam Clarke, Clarke’s Commentary (Nashville, n. d.), vol. 5, p. 527 ; G.H. Mac Gregor, The Gospel of John (London, 1953), p. 53을 보라.
 25. Herbert Preisker, “Methe, Methuo, Methuskomai” Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, ed. Gerhard Kittel (Grand Rapids, 1967), vol. 4, p. 547, 이탤릭체로 강조한 것은 필자가 한 것임.
 26. John Parkhurst, A Greek and English Lexicon to the New Testament, 7th edition (London, 1817), s. v. “Methuo.”
 27. R. A. Torrey, Difficulties in the Bible (Chicago, 1907), pp. 96~97.
 28. William L. Pettingill, Bible Questions Answered (Wheaton, Illinois, n. d.), pp. 223~224.
 29. Leon c. Field (n. 21), p. 63.
 30. Jimmy L. Albright, “Wine in the Biblical World : Its Economic, Social, and Religious Implications for New Testament Interpretation” (Ph. D. Dissertation, Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, 1980), pp. 129, 137.
 31. R. C. H. Lenski, The Interpretation of St. John’s Gospel (Columbus, Ohio, 1942), p. 318.
 32. Encyclopedia Biblica, eds. T. K. Cheyne and J. Sutherland Black, 1903 ed., s. v. “Wne and Strong Drink,” vol. 4, p. 5315.
 33. Alexander Bal man Bruce, The Synoptic Gospels in The Expositors Greek Testament (Grand Rapids, 1956), p. 500. 어니스트 골든 (Ernest Gordon)도 비슷한 논거를 개진하였다 (n. 10), p. 20.
 34. Horace BumStead, “The Biblical Sanction for Wine,” Bibliotheca Sacra 38 (January, 1881) : 82.
 35. Encyclopedia Biblica (n. 32), p. 5315 : Wiliam Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, s. v. “Vinum”을 보라. 첫번째 발효 후에 큰 항아리에 저장하는 것에 관한 서술에 관해서는 James B. Pritchard, Gibeon : Where the Sun Stood Still (Princeton, 1962), pp. 90~98를 보라.
 36. Frederic Richard Lees and Dawson Burns, The Temperance Bible Commentary (London, 1894), p. 266.
 37. Columella, On Agriculture 12, 29, trans. E. S. Forster and Edward H. Heffner, The Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1955).
 38. Ernest Gordon (n. 10), p. 20.
 39. Ibid., p. 21.
 40. Kenneth L. Gentry (n. 1), p. 54.
 41. Everett Tilson, Should Christian Drink? (New York, 1957), p. 31.
 42. Lees and Burns (n. 36), p. 295.
 43. Norval Geldenhuys, Commentary on the Gospel of Luke, The New International Commentary on the New Testament (Grand Rapids, 1983), p. 198.
 44. Henry Alford, The New Testament for English Readers (Boston, 1875), vol. 1, p. 324.
 45. R. H. Lenski, The Interpretation of St. Luke’s Gospel (Columbus, Ohio, 1953), p. 320.
 46. Jack Van Impe, Alcohol : The Beloved Enemy (Royal Oak, Michigan, 1980), pp. 121~122.
 47. Heinrich Seeseman, “Oinos,” Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, ed., Gerhard Friedrich (Grand Rapids, 1968), vol. 5, p. 163.
 48. Stephen M. Reynolds, Alcohol and the Bible (Little Rock, Arkansas, 1983), p. 42.
 49. Kenneth L. Gentry (n. 1), p. 48.
 50. Horace Bumstead (n. 34), p. 86.
 51. Irving Woodworth Raymond, The Teaching of the Early Church on the Use of Wine and Strong Drink (New York, 1927), p. 81.
 52. Ibid.
 53. 어니스트 골든 (Ernest Gordon)도 이 사실을 직시하면서 강조하고 있다. (n. 10), p. 19를 보라.
 54. Kenneth L. Gentry (n. 1), p. 49.
 55. Ibid.
 56. Horace Bumstead (n. 34), p. 86~87.
 57. Kenneth L. Gentry (n. 1), p. 54.
 58. Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 2, 5, 2, trans. William Whiston, Josephus Complete Works (Grand Rapids, 1947), p. 48.
 59. Ibid.
 60. Frederic Richard Lees, Text—Book of Temperance (London, 1869), p. 50
 61. Everett Tilson (n. 41), p. 33.
 62. Louis Ginzberg, “A Response to the Question Whether Unfermented Wine May Be Used in Jewish Ceremonies, ” Americam Jewish Year Book 1923 (New York, 1922), p. 414.
 63. Ibid., p. 418, 강조체는 필자의 것임.
 64. The Jewish Encyclopedia, 1904 edition, s. v. “Jesus,” vol. 5, p. 165.
 65. John Kitto, Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature, 1845 edition, s. v. “Passover,” vol. 2, p. 477.
 66. Lees and Burns (n. 36), p. 279.
 67. Chametz Vematzah 5, 1, 2.
 68. Lees and Burns에서 인용함 (n. 36), p. 282.
 69. Ibid.
 70. John Allen, Modern Judaism (London, 1830), p. 394.
 71. William Patton, Bible Wines. Laws of Fermentation (Oklahoma City, n. d.), p. 83에 인용되어 있음.
 72. Encyclopedia Britannica, 8th ed., 1859, s. v. “Passover. ”
 73. Rabbi Isidore Koplowitz (n. 16), p. 12
 74. Leon C. Field (n. 21), p. 74에 의하면 “이것은 문자적으로 ‘시큼한 것’을 뜻하고, 발효를 발생시킬 수 있는 모든 물질 (모든 효모적이나 혹은 부패하는 알부민 물질)에 적용되고, 그러기에 ‘효소’로 번역될 수 있다.”
 75. E. G. White, Christ’s Object Lessons (Washington, D. C. 1941), p. 95, 96.
 76. E. G. White, The Desire of Ages (Mountain View, California, 1940), p. 653.
 77. 라이트푸트는 Each cup was to contain “not Iles than the fourth part of a quarter of a hin, beside what water was mingled with it”라고 말한다. J. B. Lightfoot, The temple—Service and the Prospect of the Temple (London, 1833), p. 151.
 78. The Jewish Encyclopedia, 1904 editon, s. v. “Wine,” by David Eisenstein, vol. 12, p. 534.
 79. Acts and Martyrdom of St. Matthew the Apostle, eds. Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson, The Ante-Nicene Fathers (Grand Rapids, 1978), vol. 8, p. 532, 533.
 80. Irenaeus, Against Heresies 4, 17, 5, eds. Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson, The Ante—Nicene Fathers (Grand Rapids, 1973), vol. 1, p. 484.
 81. Joseph Bingham, The Antiquities of the Christian Church (London, 1852), vol. 2, p. 755.
 82. Ibid.
 83. Ibid., p. 760.
 84. Leon C. Field (n. 21), p. 91.
 85. Gratian, De Consecratione, Pars DI, Dist. 2, c. 7, cited by Leon C. Field (n. 21), p. 91.
 86. Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica (New York, 1947), vol. 2, part DI, question 74, article 5, p. 2443.
 87. Leon C. Field (n. 21), pp. 91~93는 이들과 그 외의 저술가들을 인용하고 논하였다.
 88. Leon C. Field (n. 21), p. 92에 인용함.
 89. Leon C. Field (n. 21), pp. 91~94 : G. W. Samson, The Divine Law as to Wines (New York, 1880), pp. 205~217 ; Lees and Burns (n. 36), p. 280~282. (168.1)