1. International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, 1939 ed., s. v. “Wine,” by Burton Scott Easton, vol. 5, p. 3086.
 2. Josephus, Jewish Wars 7, 8, 4, trans. William Whiston, Josephus Complete Works (Grand Rapids, 1974), p. 599.
 3. Columella, On Agriculture 12, 10, 3, trans. E. S. Forster and Edward H. Heffner, The Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge, Massachussetts, 1955). 코루멜라로부터의 모든 인용귀는 이 판에서 인용하였음. 그러므로 앞으로는 코루멜라의 책명만 표기할 것임.
 4. Ibid., 12, 10, 4.
 5. Ibid., 12, 11, 1-2 : 12, 12, 3.
 6. Ibid., 12, 47, 4.
 7. Ibid., 12, 46, 6.
 8. Ibid., 12, 46, 5.
 9. Ibid., 12, 44, 1.
 10. Ibid., 12, 44, 2.
 11. Ibid., 12, 44, 3.
 12. Ibid., 12, 44, 4.
 13. Ibid., 12, 44, 8.
 14. Pliny, Natural History 14, 3, 16, trans. H. Rackham, The Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge, Massachusetts, I960). 플리니로부터의 모든 인용귀는 이 판으로부터임. 앞으로는 플리니의 책명만 표기할 것임.
 15. Cited by Louis Ginzberg, “A Response to the Question Whether Unfermented Wne May Be Used in Jewish Ceremonies,” American Jewish Year Book(1923), p. 409.
 16. Acts and Martydom of St. Matthew the Apostle, The Ante—Nicene Fathers, trans. Alexander Robert and James Donaldson (Grand Rapids, 1978), vol. 8, pp. 532, 533.
 17. Joseph Bingham, The Antiquities of the Christian Church (London, 1852), vol. 2, p. 760.
 18. Leon C. Field, Oinos : A Discussion of the Bible Wine Question (New York, 1883), p. 91.
 19. Gratian, De Consecratione, Pars ID, Dist. 2, c. 7, cited by Leon C. Field (n. 18), p. 91.
 20. Pliny, Natural History 14, 26.
 21. Columella, On Agriculture 12, 20, 1.
 22. Ibid.
 23. Marcus Cato, On Agriculture 148, trans. William Davis Hooper, The Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge, Massachusetts, I960). 카토로부터의 모든 인용귀는 이 판에서 다 인용하였음. 앞으로는 가토의 책명만 표기할 것임.
 24. Ibid., 23.
 25. Ibid., 107. .
 26. Ibid., 109.
 27. Ibid., 110.
 28. Columella, On Agriculture 12, 20, 1.
 29. Ibid., 12,19, 3.
 30. Ibid., 12. 20,5.
 31. Ibid., 12, 20,6.
 32. Ibid., 12, 25,1.
 33. Ibid., 12, 25,4.
 34. Ibid., 12, 25,3.
 35. Ibid., 12, 23,2.
 36. 포도주의 발효 과정에 관해서는 Robert Rasor, Alcohol Distiller’s Manual (San Antonio, Texas, 1980), pp. 104~109와 Albion Roy King, Basic Information on Alcohol (Washington, D. C., 1964), pp. 22~24; Charles R. Carroll, Alcohol : Use, Nonuse and Abuse (Dubuque, Iowa, 1975), pp. 31~34를 참조하라.
 37. Virgil, Georgies 1, 295, 296.
 38. Columella, On Agriculture 12, 19, 1.  .
 39. Ibid., 12, 19, 1.
 40. Ibid., 12, 21, 1.
 41. Pliny, Natural History 14, 11, 80.
 42. Columella, On Agriculture 12, 19, 3~4.
 43. Ibid., 12, 20, 8.
 44. Ibid., 12, 26, 1.
 45. John Kitto, Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature, 1845 ed., s. v. “Wne,” vol 2, p. 956.
 46. Ibid.
 47. Ibid.
 48. 근동지역을 여행한 이야기들은 William Patton, Bible Wines. Laws of Fermentation (Oklahoma City, n. d.), pp. 30~32를 인용하였다.
 49. Wllian Patton(n. 48), p. 32에서 인용함.
 50. Sir Edward Barry, Observations on the Wines of the Ancients (London, 1775), p. 165. Emphasis supplied.
 51. Aristotle, Metereologica 4, 10.
 52. Athenaeus, Banquet 1, 25.
 53. William Patton(n. 48), p. 50. 로마인들이 포도 음료를 용해하는 관습에 관하여서는 Robert H. Stein, “Wine—Drinking in New Testament Times,” Christianity Today (June 20, 1975) : 9~11 을 보라. 더욱더 광범위한 검토는 Jimmy L. Albright, “Wne in the Biblical World : Its Economic, Social, and Religious Implications for New Testament Interpretation”(Ph. D. dissertation, Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary), pp. 176~178에 나온다.
 54. Henry J. Van—Lennep, Bible lands : Their Modern Customs and Manners Illustrative of Scripture (New York, 1875), p. 120과 Edwin Wilbur Rice, Orientalism in Bible Lands, 3rd edition (Philadelphia, 1929), p. 154도 보라.
 55. John Kitto, Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature, 1845 edition, s. v. “Passover,” vol 2, p. 477.
 56. ‘Abodah Zarah 30a, trans. I. Epstein, The Babylonian Talmud (London, 1936), p. 148.

 57. Ibid., note 2.

 58. Ibid., p. 149.

 59. Ibid., p. 148, note 8.

 60. The Interpreters Dictionary of the Bible, 1962 editon, s. v. “Honey,” vol. 2, p. 639.

 61. Dictionnaire de la Bible, ed. Ch. Meygruiess, 2nd edition, 1865, s. v. “Vin et Miel.”

 62. Encyclopedia Biblica, eds. T. K. Cheyne and J. Sutherland Black, 1903 ed., s. v. “Honey,” vol. 2, p. 2105.

 63. Ibid.

 64. Pliny, Natural History 14. 11.

 65. Ibid.

 66. Ibid., 14, 11, 85 : Columella도 비슷한 조리법을 기록하고 있다, On Agriculture 12, 51, 1.

 67. Polibius, Fragments 6. 4(6. 2).

 68. Columella, On Agriculture 12, 37, 1.

 69. Ibid., 12, 29, 1.

 70. Virgil, Georgies 2, 240~245.

 71. Pliny, Natural History 23, 24.

 72. Plutarch, Symposiacs 8, 7.

 73. Pliny, Natural History 14, 28.

 74. Horace, Carminum Liber 1, 11, 6, trans, C. E. Bennett, The Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1946). 호레이스로부터의 모든 인용귀는 이 책에서 인용한 것임. 앞으로는 책명만 표기할 것임.

 75. Columella, On Agriculture 12, 29, 1.

 76. Ibid., 12, 30, 1.

 77. Pliny, Natural History 14, 11.

 78. Marcus Cato, On Agriculture 120, 1.

 79. James B. Pritchard, Gibeon : Where the Sun Stood Still (Princeton, 1962), pp. 90~98.

 80. Ibid., pp. 94, 95.

 81. Pliny, Natural History 14, 25； 129.

 82. Horace, Carminum Liber 3, 8, 9~12.

 83. Ibid., 3, 8, 6.

 84. John Kitto’s Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature, 1845 edition, s. v. “Wine,” vol. 2, p. 956.
 85. Ibid.
 86. 2 번 주(註)를 보라. (120.1)