Finite understanding halts at the threshold of infinite love, wisdom, and power—baffled and unable to go further. Paul speaks of the incarnation as a great mystery (1 Tim. 3:16). To stray beyond the bounds of what Inspiration has made known is to delve into mysteries the human mind lacks capacity to comprehend. See on John 6:51; 16:28.

 John has already affirmed the true deity of Christ (see on v. 1), and now affirms His true humanity. Christ is divine in the absolute and unqualified sense of the word; He is also human in the same sense, except that He “knew no sin” (2 Cor. 5:21). The Scriptures repeatedly and emphatically proclaim this fundamental truth (see Luke 1:35; Rom. 1:3; 8:3; Gal. 4:4; Phil. 2:6-8; Col. 2:9; 1 Tim. 3:16; Heb. 1:2, 8; 2:14-18; 10:5; 1 John 1:2; etc.; see on Phil. 2:6-8; Col. 2:9). Though Christ was originally “in the form of God” He “did not count equality with God a thing to be grasped, but emptied himself,” and, “being born in the likeness of men,” was “found in human form” (Phil. 2:6-8, RSV). In Him was “all the fulness of the Godhead bodily” (Col. 2:9); nevertheless, “in all things it behoved him to be made like unto his brethren” (Heb. 2:17). “From the days of eternity the Lord Jesus Christ was one with the Father,” but “He chose to give back the scepter into the Father’s hands, and to step down from the throne of the universe,” in order “that He might dwell among us, and make us familiar with His divine character and life” (DA 19, 22, 23).

 The two natures, the divine and the human, were mysteriously blended into one person. Divinity was clothed with humanity, not exchanged for it. In no sense did Christ cease to be God when He became man. The two natures became closely and inseparably one, yet each remained distinct. The human nature was not changed into the divine nature, nor the divine nature into the human. See Additional Note at end of chapter; see on Matt. 1:1; Luke 1:35; Phil. 2:6-8; Heb. 2:14-17; see EGW Supplementary Material on John 1:1-3, 14; Mark 16:6; Phil. 2:6-8; Col. 2:9; Heb. 2:14-17.

 Christ “assumed the liabilities of human nature” (EGW ST Aug. 2, 1905), but His humanity was nevertheless “perfect” (DA 664). Although, as a man, He could have sinned, no taint of, or inclination to, corruption rested upon Him; He had no propensity toward sin (EGW letter 8, 1895, see p. 1128). He was “tempted like as we are, yet without sin” (see on Heb. 4:15). See Additional Note at end of chapter.

 Gr. skēnoō, literally, “tended,” or “pitched [his] tent,” among us (cf. DA 23). Christ became one of us the better to reveal the Father’s love, to share our experiences, to set us an example, to succor us in temptation, to suffer for our sins, and to represent us before the Father (see on Heb. 2:14-17). The eternal Word, who had ever been with the Father (see on John 1:1). was now to become Immanuel, “God with us” (see on Matt. 1:23).

 Gr. doxa, here equivalent to the Heb. kabod, which is used in the OT of the sacred “glory” of the abiding presence of the Lord, the Shekinah (see on Gen. 3:24; Ex. 13:21; cf. on 1 Sam. 4:22). The LXX has doxa 177 times for kabod. John and his fellow disciples bore eyewitness testimony to the historical fact that “the Word was made flesh” (John 1:14; see ch. 21:24; 1 John 1:1, 2). Here John doubtless thinks particularly of experiences such as the Transfiguration, when divinity momentarily flashed through humanity. Peter similarly speaks of being an “eyewitness” to the “majesty” and “excellent glory” of Christ at the Transfiguration (2 Peter 1:16-18). This glory, Peter adds, accompanied the declaration, “This is my beloved Son.” For various occasions during the life of Jesus when the glory of Heaven illumined His countenance see on Luke 2:48. In John 17:5 Jesus prays the Father, “Glorify thou me with thine own self with the glory which I had with thee before the world was.” The Christian faith rests upon the fact that this divine “glory” rested upon a historical person, Jesus of Nazareth. Secondarily, John may also have in mind the perfection of character exemplified by the Saviour (see below under “Grace and truth”).

 Gr. monogenēs, from two words meaning “only” and “kind,” and thus properly translated “unique,” “only,” “only one of a kind.” As with the title Logos (see on v. 1), only John uses the word monogenēs of Christ (see John 1:18; 3:16, 18; 1 John 4:9). Absence of the definite article in the Greek either makes monogenēs indefinite, “an only one,” or makes it an expression of quality, in which case John would be saying, “glory as of an only one [who had come] from beside the Father.” This seems evidently the sense here. See on Luke 7:12; 8:42, where monogenēs is translated “only.”

 In Heb. 11:17 monogenēs is used of Isaac, who was by no means Abraham’s “only begotten,” or even his first-born. But he was the son of the promise, and as such, the one destined to succeed his father as heir to the birthright (Gen. 25:1-6; Gal. 4:22, 23). “Similarly in respect to the five texts in John’s writings of Christ, the translation should be one of the following: ‘unique,’ ‘precious,’ ‘only,’ ‘sole,’ ‘the only one of his kind,’ but not ‘only begotten’” (Problems in Bible Translation, p. 198).

The translation “only begotten,” here and elsewhere, apparently originated with the early Fathers of the Catholic Church, and entered early English translations of the Bible under the influence of the Latin Vulgate, the official Bible of the Catholic Church. Accurately reflecting the Greek, various Old Latin manuscripts which antedate the Vulgate read “only” rather than “only begotten.” The idea that Christ “was born of the Father before all creation” appears first in the writings of Origen, about A.D. 230. Arius, nearly a century later, is the first to use gegennemenon, the correct Greek word for “begotten,” when speaking of Christ, and to affirm that He was “begotten of God before all ages” (see Additional Note at end of chapter). This Greek word is never used in the Bible concerning the preincarnate Christ. The idea that Christ was “begotten” by the Father at some time in eternity past is altogether foreign to the Scriptures. For a detailed discussion of this subject see Problems in Bible Translation, pp. 197-204.

 Properly understood of Christ’s unique status as the Son of God, the word monogenēs distinguishes between Him and all others who, through faith in Him, are given “power to become the sons of God” (v. 12), and who are specifically declared to be “born ... of God” (v. 13). Christ is, and always has been, very “God” (see on v. 1), and by virtue of this fact we “become the sons of God” when we receive Christ and believe on His name.

 The statement of v. 14 obviously deals with the incarnation, and its purpose is to emphasize the fact that the incarnate Word retained the divine nature, as evidenced by the manifestation of the preincarnate divine glory (see ch. 17:5). Although the word monogenēs means strictly “unique,” or “only,” rather than “only begotten,” John nevertheless here applies it to Christ at His incarnation, to the time when “the Word was made flesh” in order to dwell among us. Paul confirms this application in Heb. 1:5, 6, where he links the words gegenneka, “have I begotten” (from gennaō, “to beget”), and prōtotoktos, “first-born” (from pro, “before,” and tiktō, “to beget”), to the time “when he bringeth in the firstbegotten into the world.” It seems therefore wholly unwarranted to understand monogenēs as referring to a mysterious begetting of “the Word” at some point of time in eternity past. For a discussion of Christ as the Son of God see on Luke 1:35; and as the Son of man, see on Matt. 1:1; Mark 2:10; see also EGW Supplementary Material on Phil. 2:6-8; Col. 2:9.

 Gr. para theou, literally “with the Father,” or “beside the Father,” here probably with the force of “from beside the Father.” The Greek preposition para sometimes has the force of ek, “out of,” “from,” which here agrees best with the context. The incarnate Logos had come forth from the presence of the Father when He entered this world. See on ch. 6:46.

This clearly applies to the Word incarnate. Dwelling on earth as a man among men, the Word was “full of grace and truth.”

 Gr. charis kai alētheia. Charis here means “good will,” “loving-kindness,” “[undeserved] favor,” “mercy.” Alētheia refers to the “truth” about the love of God the Father for sinners as revealed in the plan of salvation and in the incarnate Saviour. Here, charis is equivalent to the Heb. chesed (see Additional Note on Psalm 36; see on Job 10:12), as alētheia is to the Heb. ’emeth, “faithfulness,” “trustworthiness.” As “mercy” and “truth,” these words appear together in the OT in a clearly Messianic setting, in Ps. 85:10, 11. It was precisely these attributes of God that Christ came particularly to reveal. While on earth He was “full” of them, and could thus give a full and complete revelation of the Father. God is ever faithful to His own character, and His character is revealed most completely in His mercy, or grace.

 Fifteen centuries prior to the incarnation God had instructed Israel to build Him a “sanctuary,” or tent, that He might “dwell among them” (Ex. 25:8). As, in times past, the divine presence had appeared in the form of the Shekinah glory above the mercy seat over the ark and elsewhere (see on Gen. 3:24: Ex. 13:21), so now the same glory had been manifested in the person of Jesus. To this fact John and his fellow disciples bore eyewitness, and to them this was incontestable evidence that Jesus had come forth from the Father. Such glory could have come from no other source.

 It is worthy of note that in Hebrew the words mishkan, “dwelling place,” “tent,” “tabernacle,” and Shekinah, the glorious “abiding Presence,” are both derived from shakan, “to dwell,” “to abide.” In Greek, skēnē, “tent” “tabernacle,” is similarly related to skēnoō, “to tent,” “to tabernacle,” and thus “to dwell,” or “to abide.” In times past the divine glory, the holy “Presence,” had dwelt among the chosen people in the literal tabernacle; now, John says, the same glorious “Presence,” God Himself, had come to dwell among His people in the person of our Lord and Saviour, Jesus Christ. It is thought that the “glory” of which Paul speaks in Rom. 9:4 is to be identified with the Shekinah glory, as possibly also the “bright cloud” that appeared at the Transfiguration (Matt. 17:5). In the clearly Messianic passage of Isa. 11:1-10 the coming of Messiah is foretold, and of Him it is said that, literally, “his abiding shall be glorious.” According to Ps. 85:9, 10, the day of salvation would bring again the “glory” of God to “dwell” in the land, and at that time “mercy [or grace, Heb. chesed, see Additional Note on Psalm 36] and truth [Heb. ’emeth, “faithfulness,” “trustworthiness”]” would meet together (see DA 762). The same two words, chesed and ’emeth, “merciful” and “gracious” are linked together in the proclamation of the “name” of the Lord, when Moses was allowed to behold His “glory [Heb. chabod]” (see on Ex. 33:22; 34:6). These and other Messianic passages of the OT find a very close parallel here in John 1:14, where, at the incarnation, glory that could have come only from the presence of the Father was manifested in the incarnate Word and “dwelt among us,” “full of grace [mercy] and truth.”

 Every major aspect of Christ’s life played an important part in the work of salvation. His virgin birth reunited the estranged families of earth and heaven. He brought Deity down to earth in order that He might bear humanity with Him back to heaven. His perfect life as a man provides us with an example of obedience (John 15:10; 1 John 2:6) and sanctification (John 17:19); as God, He imparts to us power to obey (Rom. 8:3, 4). His vicarious death made it possible for us to enjoy a period of probation (CS 137) and for Him to justify “many” (Isa. 53:5, 11; Rom. 5:9; Titus 2:14). By faith in His death we are made free from the guilt of sin, and by faith in His life, from its power (Rom. 5:1, 10; Phil. 4:7). His glorious resurrection assures us that one day we too shall “put on” immortality (1 Cor. 15:12-22, 51-55). His ascension confirms His promise to return and take us with Him to meet the Father (John 14:1-3; Acts 1:9-11), and thereby complete the work of saving “his people.” These five aspects of Christ’s mission to earth were all the subject of prophecy (Isa. 9:6, 7; 53; 61:1-3; Ps. 68:18).