The sense of duty, whether toward man or God, demonstrates the degree of godliness possessed by church members. God is an example of One who did not ignore the helplessness and poverty of others. His love knows no limits as He strives to care for the needs of His creation. Hence, the Christian who denies selfish considerations, caring faithfully for his parents or grandparents, reveals a Christlike attribute that is well pleasing to God (see on ch. 2:3).

Textual evidence attests (cf. p. 10) the omission of these words.

Or, “ancestors.”

Or, “to give back recompenses,” that is, in the light of the care expended by parents in rearing children. Whatever a child does for his parents in their old age can never fully compensate for this care. Not the motive of duty alone, but grateful love, should inspire care for aged parents.

 Gr. eusebeō, “to act piously,” “to act godly.” The noun eusebeia is translated “godliness” in 1 Tim. 2:2; 3:16; 4:7-8; 6:3, 5, 6, 11; 2 Tim. 3:5. The Christian religion brings into sharp focus those duties that every mature man or woman will faithfully attend to. To profess loyalty to God and yet to be oblivious to the needs of the family is not true religion. God does not accept even church activity as a substitute for the primary duty of caring for parents or grandparents.

That is, care for his parents is a man’s first obligation.

Literally, “descendants.” In Old English the word “nephew” did not have the specific meaning it has today. The care of a widow is primarily the obligation of her close relatives. If her sons or daughters are also in need of support, or are dead, the obligation then rests upon other descendants.