References 1. Julius Africanus,
Chronography, fragment 16;ANF 6:134, 135. See also LeRoy Edwin Froom,
The Prophetic Faith of Our Fathers, 4 vols.(Washgington, D.C.:Review and Herald Publishing Associaiton, 1946~1954), 1:279~281. Though nearly right, Africanus mistakenly commenced the period with Artaxerxes memo in Nehemiah 2(244 B.C.) rather than with Artaxerxes decree in Ezra 7(457 B.C.).
2. See Froom,
Prophetic Faith, 1:683-716.
3.
Ibid., 2:277 and 1:528. Sometimes Luther also applied the 1260 days to the Turk as being a kind of co-antichrist.
4. Froom,
Prophetic Faith, 3:33-42, 125-134,181-185. Parentheses indicate when each writer's contribution first appeared in print.
5. See Froom,
Prophetic Faith, vols. 2 and 3. also see C. Mervyn Maxwell,
“An Exegetical and Historical Examination of the Beginning and Ending of the 1260 Days of Prophecy with Special Attention Given to A.D. 538 and 1798 as Initial and Terminal Dates”(M.A. thesis, Andrews University, 1951), appendix VI.
6. Froom,
Prophetic Faith, 2:194-196.
7. Ibid., 1:743-751.
8. Ibid., 2:713-719. 페트리(Petri)는 2,300일의 끝을 예수께서 탄생한 후 1847년으로 보고 있다. 그러나 그는 예수께서 태어난 정확한 연도는 확실치 않음을 알고 있었다.
9.
Ibid., pp. 719-722. His dates were 420 B.C. to A.D. 1880.
10.
Ibid., 3:404-408.
11. Ernest R. Sandeen,
The Roots of Fundamentalism: British and American Millenarianism, 1800-1930(reprint, Grand Rapids, Mich.:Baker Book House, 1978), p.22n.
12. Ellen G. White,
Testimonies for the Church, 9 vols.(Mountain View, Calif.:Pacific Press Publishing Association, 1885-1909, 1948), 1:54.
13. William H. McNeill,
The Rise of the West(Chicago:The University of Chicago Press, 1963), pp. 730-762.
14.
Ibid., p. 730.
15. Kenneth Scott Latourette,
A History of Christianity(New York:Harper and Brothers, Publishers, 1953), p. 1061.
16. For an excellent discussion of modern nationalism and its relationto the French Revolution, see, e.g.,Steward C. Easton,
The Western Heritage from the Earliest Times to the Present(New York:Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1961), ch. 17.
17. R. R. Palmer,
The Age of the Democratic Revolution, 2 vlos.;vol. 1,
The Challenge(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1959), pp. 13-20, esp. p. 7.
18.
Ibid., b. 19. 1790년 대 중반에 있었던 테디우스 코시우스코의 반란이 실패한 뒤 출간된 책으로부터 폴란드 혁명, 콜론테이를 인용하였음.
19.
Douglas Johnson, The French Revolution(New York:G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1970), p. 74. Apparently Dr. Guillotine had in mind the device's speed and relative painlessness.
20. See M. A. Thiers,
The History of the French Revolution, trans. from the last Paris ed., with notes(London:William P. Nimmo, 1877), pp. 447-453. Compare Durand de Maillane,
Histoire de la Convention nationale(Paris, 1825), pp. 191-196, trans. in E. L. Higgins,
The French Revolution As Told by Contemporaries(Boston:Houghton Mifflin Company, 1938), pp. 349, 350.
21. General Sir James Marshall-Cornwall,
Napoleon as Military Commander(London:B. T. Batsford Ltd.;Princeton, N. J.:D. Van Nostrand Company, 1967), chs. 25, 26.
22. Samuel Eliot Morison,
The Oxford History of the American People(Neo York:Oxford University Press, 1965), pp. 264, 265.
23. Easton,
Western Heritage, pp. 505, 506.
24. Palmer,
Revolution, pp. 11, 12.
25.
Ibid. 그러나 팔머는 주로 러시아 인들이 프랑스 혁명의 덕을 입었다고 역설하는 사람들과 구분된다.
26.
V. H. H. Green, foreword, in John McManners, The French Revolution and the Church, ed. V.H. H. Green, Church History Outlines, no. 4(London: S.P.C.K.,1969).
27. Williston Walker, rev. Cyril C. Richardson, Wilhelm Pauck, Robert T. Handy,
A History of the Christian Church(New York:Charles Scribner's Sons, 1959), pp. 384, 385.
28. See, e.g., Philippe Erlanger,
St. Bartholomew's Night: The Massacre of Saint Bartholomew, trans. from the French by Patrick O'
Brian, Pantheon Books(New York:Random House, Inc., 1962), esp. pp. 123-133, 148, 166, 199. 현명치 못하게도 몇몇 위그노 교도들은 여러 가지 정치 활동에 참가했으며, 그들이 모두 완전 무결했던 것은 아니라고 에르랑거는 반박한다. Blackwood's Magazine(1836년 1월) 21, 22를 비교하라. 나중의 소식을 듣고 교황의 기쁨이 약간 가셨다고 전해진다. 그러나 그는 메달이나 프레스코를 만들라는 요청을 철회하지 않았다. 그래서 이것들이 로마에 아직까지 전시되어 있다.
29. John Bartlett,
Familiar Quotations, 13th ed.(Boston:Little, Brown and Company, 1955). p. 115에서는 그 진술이 헨리 4세나 왕과 회담하는 목사 설리에게서 나왔다고 한다.
30. Walker,
History, pp. 388, 389;Philip Schaff,
The Progress of Religious Freedom as shown in the History of Toleration Acts, reprinted from the papers of
“The American Society of Church History,” vol. 1(New York:Charles Scribner's Sons, 1889), pp. 30-40.
31. See, e.g., Easton,
Heritage, pp. 487, 488.
32. Graham Gargett,
Voltaire and Protestantism, ed., Haydn Mason, Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century, no. 188(Oxford:The Voltaire Foundation, 1980), pp. 457, 463,464.
33. Thomas Paine,
The Age of Reason, in Philip S. Foner, ed., The Complete Writings of Thomas Paine, 2 vols.(New York:The Citadel Press, 1969), 1:474.
34. McManners,
French Revolution, pp. 98-105.
35. Thiers,
French Revolution, pp. 372, 373.
36. McManners,
French Revolution, p. 92.
37.
Ibid., pp. 86-97.
38. Thiers,
French Revolution, p. 373.
39. Aime Guillon,
Memoires pour servir al' histoire de la ville Lyon Pendant la Revolution, 3 vols.(Paris, 1824), pp. 347, 348, in Higgins, ed.,
French Revolution, p. 330.
40. Thiers,
French Revolution, p. 374.
41. George Rude,
The Crowd in the French Revolution(Oxford:Clarendon Press, 1959), p. 11. 1
42. Thiers,
French Revolution, 374.
43.
Ibid., pp. 426, 427.
44. Green, foreword, in McManners,
French Revolution. Emphasis supplied.
45. McManners,
French Revolution pp. 106-108.
46. Schaff,
Progress, p. 44. Punctuation slightly adapted.
47. For a good brief overview see Skevington Wood,
“awakening,” in
Eerdman's Handbook to the History of Christianity, eds. Tim Dowley, et al., Ist American ed.(Grand Rapids, Mich.:Wm. B. Eerdman's Publishing Co., 1977), pp. 434-455.
48. Latourette,
History, p. 1027에 의하면 1790년 영국 감리교인의 수가 71,668 명이었다고 한다.
49. See, e.g., Edwin Scott Gaustad,
Historical Atlas of Religion in America(New York:Harper and Row, Publishers, 1962), p. 81.
50. Latourette,
History, p. 1034.
51.
Ibid, p. 1078. 구두점을 약간 수정하였다.
52. Antonia Tripolitis, review of
Soviet Believers: The Religious Sector of the Population, by William C. Fletcher, in Church History 52(June 1983):252, 253, 인구 이억 칠천 삼백만 가운데서 일억 천 오백만의 신자가 있다고 합니다. Paul D. Steeves, review of
Soviet Evangelicals Since World War II, by Walter Sawatsky, in
Journal of Church and State 25(Winter 1983):155-15701 따르면, 믿을만한 추산으로는 전체 인구에 대한 그리스도인의 비율은 약 20~45%가 된다고 한다.
53. 수년 동안 수감되어 있으면서 어렵게 믿음을 고수한 한 중국인 그리스도인과 1983년 8월에 나눈 대화이다.
54. Article,
“Bible Societies,” New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, 2:88, 89.
55. 연합 성서공회에서 낸
“1980년대 초” 통계는 1983년에 적용된다. 이 통계 수자와 미국 성서공회에만 적용된 다른 수자는 미국 성서공회(1865 Broadway, New York. NY 10023)로부터 얻은 것이다.
56. Franklin H. Littell,
The Macmillan Atlas History of Christianity(New York:Macmillan Publishing Co., 1976), p.34.
57.
The English Hexapla(London:Samuel Bagster and Sons, 1841).
58. Edgar J. Goodspeed,
Problems of New Testament Translation(Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 1945), pp. 200, 201.