1. Kenneth L. Gentry, The Christian and Alcoholic Beverages (Grand Rapids, 1986), p. 42.
 2. 로버트 티치아우트 (Robert P. Teachout)는 신명기 29:6과 민수기 28:7에서 쉐카르가 “만족시켜 주는 포도즙”을 뜻할 수 있다고 강력하게 논증을 펼치고 있다. 그의 박사학위 논문을 참조하라: “The Use of ‘Wine’ in the Old Testament” (Th. D, Dissertation, Dallas Geological Seminary, 1979), p. 238~240.
 3. Kenneth L. Gentry (n. 1), p. 42.
 4. Lael Othniel Caesar, “The Meaning of Yayin in the Old Testament” (Master of Arts thesis, School of Graduate Studies, Andrews University, 1986), p. 184.
 5. Robert P. Teachout (n. 2), pp. 225~240.
 6. Robert Teachout, Wine. The Biblical Imperative:Total Abstinence (Published by author, 1986), p. 66.
 7. Robert P. Teachout (n. 2), pp. 212~214.
 8. Robert P. Teachout (n. 7), p. 67.
 9. Leon C. Field, Oinos : A Discussion of the Bible —Wine Question (New York) 1883, p. 44.
 10. G. R. Driver, Aramaic Documents of the Fifth Century B. C., abridged and revised (Oxford, 1965), p. 60.
 11. Robert P. Teachout (n. 2), p. 224. 한 예외 경우는 사무엘상 1:15로서 이 귀절은 “취하게 하는 포도주”로 번역되어야 하는 증언법 귀절이다 (티이아우트의 책 245쪽을 보라).
 12. Stephen M. Reynolds, Alcohol and the Bible (Little Rock, Arkansas, 1983), pp. 24, 25.
 13. The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, 1939 edition, S. V. “Strong Drink,” vol. 2, pp. 879~880.
 14. Encyclopedia Biblica, eds. T. K. Cheyne and J. Sutherland Black, 1903 edition, s, v. “Wine and Strong Drink,” vol. 4, p. 5310.
 15. Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature, ed. John Kitto, 1845 edition, s. v. “Wine,” vol. 2, p. 953.
 16. Jerome, Letter to Nepotian, cited in The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (n. 14), p. 879.
 17. Robert Young, Analytical Concordance to the Bible, 22nd edition, s. v. “Strong Drink,” p. 273.
 18. Ibid.
 19. The Popular and Critical Bible Encyclopedia and Scriptural Dictionary, ed. Samuel Fallows, 1909 edition, s. v. “Strong Drink,” p. 546.
 20. Ibid., p. 547.
 21. 이 외의 사전들은 Charles Wesley Ewing, The Bible and Its Wines (Denver, 1985), pp. 25~34에 열거되어 있다.
 22. Sanhedrin 43a, cited in Heinrich Seeseman, “Oinos,” Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, ed. Gerhard Friedrich (Grand Rapids, 1968), vol. 5, p. 164.
 23. Heinrich Seeseman (n. 24).
 24. Kenneth L. Gentry (n. 1), p. 38.
 25. New Bible Dictionary, ed. J. D. Douglas, 1920 editons, s. v. “Wine and Strong Drink.”
 26. Horace Bumstead. “The Biblical Sanction of Wine,” Bibliotheca Sacra 38 (January 1881):66.
 27. Frederic Richard Lees and Dawson Burns, The Temperance Bible Commentary (London, 1894), p. x x iv를 보라:또 William Ritchie, Scriptural Testimony Against Intoxicating Wine (New York, 1866), p. 35도 보라.
 28. Robert P. Teachout (n. 2) p. 180.
 29. 신 7:13; 11:14; 12:17; 14:23; 18:4; 28:51; 대하 31:5; 32:28; 느 5:11; 10:39; 13:5, 12; 렘 31:12; 호 2:8, 22; 욜 2:19; 학 1:11.
 30. 창 27:28, 37; 신 33:28; 왕하 18:32; 시 4:7; 사 36:17; 62:8; 호 2:9; 7:14; 9:1, 2; 슥 9:17.
 31. 느 10:37; 미 6:15.
 32. 삿 9:13; 잠 3:10; 사 24:7; 65:8; 호 4:11.
 33. 이 단어들은 수백번 나온다. Robert P. Teachout (n. 2), p. J95에서 논한 것을 참조하라.
 34. Talmud Babli Yoma 76b. cited in the compilation produced by Rabbi Isidore Koplowitz, Midrash Yayin, Veshechor. Tblmudic and Midrashic Exegesis on Wine and Strong Drink (Detroit, 1923), p. 41.
 35. Marcus Cato, On Agriculture 141, 1.
 36. Lees and Burns (n. 29), p. 219.
 37. Robert P. Teachout (n. 2), pp. 190, 191.
 38. Horace Bumstead (n. 28), p. 69.
 39. Ibid.
 40. Leon C. Field (n. 10), p. 43.
 41. Kenneth L. Gentry (n. 1), p. 103.
 42. Howard H. Charles, Alcohol and the Bible (Scottdale, Pennsylvania, 1981), p. 20.
 43. Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical on the Epistles of Paul to the Thessalonians, to Timothy, to Titus and to Philemon (New York, 1873),
 p. 179.
 44. Ferrar Fenton, The Bible and Wine (London, 1911), p. 93.
 45. Ibid.
 46. Aristotle, Meterelogica 387. b. 9~13.
 47. Athenaeus, Banquet 2, 24.
 48. Pliny, Natural History 14, 18.
 49. Ibid.
 50. Ibid., 23. 22.
 51. Ibid., 23, 24.
 52. Ibid.
 53. Kenneth L. Gentry (n. 1), p. 47.
 54. Ibid.:Fred D. Gealey, The First and Second Epistles to Timothy and the Epistle to Titus, the Interpreter’s Bible (Nashville, I960), vol. 11, p. 412.
 Everett Tilson, Should Christians Drink? (New York, 1957), p. 23도 같은 견해를 피력하고 있다.
 55. Albert Barnes (n. 45), p. 144도 이런 입장을 밝힌다.
 56. Ibid.
 57. Robert P. Teachout (n. 2), pp. 442, 443.
 58. Ibid., pp. 443, 444.
 59. Ibid., p. 444.
 60. Ibid., p. 445.
 61. Pliny, Natural History 14, 28.
 62. Ibid.
 63. Lucian of Samosata, Philopatris 39. (267.1)