1. 본 주제의 연구역사를 위와 같이 명확히 세 시대로 구분해서 취급한 사람은 없다. 단지 C. J. Cadoux는 Grotius를 근대적 연구의 출발로 거론했고(
The Early Christian Attitude the War [London, 1919], 6), J. Helgeland는 자신의 硏究史 서술을 19c 말, 20c 초로부터 시작했으며(
“Christian and Roman Army from Marcus Aurelius to Constantine,” Aufstieg Und Niedergang der Rēmischen Welt 11. 23. 1 [New York, 1979], 725-732), Jacques Fontaine은 제2차 세계대전 이후의 연구성과를 하나의 논문으로 묶어 발표한 바 있다(
“Christian and military Service in the Early Church,” Concililum, 7, 1965, 107-119.).
2. J. F. Bethune-Baker,
The Influence of Christianity on War (Cambridge, 1888). 이 책은 앞선 연구들에 비하여 고대저술가들의 인용과 토의에 있어서 진일보한 것이었으며 正戰論의 입장을 견지했다.
3. 平和主義의 입장을 나타낸 저술들로는 Robert barclay,
A Apology for the true Christian Divinity, as the same is Held forth, and Preached, by the People Called, in Scorn, Quakers, (1678); Jean Barbeyrac,
Traite de Moralé des Pēres de l`Eglise (Amsteldam, 1728); Thomas Clarkson,
Essay on Doctrine and Practise of the Early Christions as they relate to War, 2nd ed. (1817); Jonathan Dymond,
Three Essays on the Principles of Morality and on the private and political Rights and obligations of Mankind (1828) 등이 있고, 正戰論側의 저서로는 앞서 언급한 J. F. Bethune-Barker의
The Influence of Christianity on War와 Johannes Goltlieb Calov의
Examen Sententiae Veterum Christianorum de Militia (Magdeburg, 1745) 등을 들 수 있다.
4. 19세기 말에 나온 연구들로는 John Gibb,
“The Christian Church and War,” The British Quarterly Review, vol. lxxiii (Jan. and April), 1888, 80-90; J. F. Bethune-Baker, Ibid.; K. J. Neumann,
Der romische Statt und die allgemeine Kirche bis auf Diochetian (Leipzig, 1890) 등을 들 수 있다.
5. R. Bainton,
“The Early Church and war,” Harvard theological Review 39 (1964), 189; H. Von Campenhausen,
“Der Kriegdienst der christen in der Kirche des Altertums,” Festschrift K. Jaspers (Munich, 1953), 255.
6. Andreas Bigelmair,
Die Beteiligung der Christen am őffentlichen leben in Vor-Constantinischen Zeit (Munich, 1902), 164-201.
7. Ibid., 166-170.
8. Ibid., 176-178.
9. Ibid., 8.
10. Henri Leclerq,
“Militarisme,” Dictionnaire d`Archéologie Chrétienne et de Liturgie, ed. Fernand Cabrol and Henri Leclerq, XI (1933), 1108-1181.
11. Ibid., 1130.
12. Ibid., 1134.
13. C. J. Cadoux,
The Early Christian Attitude to War (Oxford, 1919)를 이후
The Attitude로 표기한다;
The Early Church and the World. A History of the Christian Attitude to Pagan Society and the State Down to the time of Constantinus (Edinburgh, 1925)를 이후
The World 로 표기하고자 한다.
14. 李村欣二,
“古代キリスト敎の軍隊 戰爭觀-具體的 態度の 考察,” 西洋史學 XXI (1954), 29.
15.
The Attitude, 256
16. Ibid., 119-128
17.
The World, 587.
18.
The Attitude, 16.
19.
The Fall of Christianity: A Study of Christianity, the State and the War, trans. J. W. Thompson (London, 1930).
20. Ibid., 9.
21. Ibid., 40-43.
22.
Die Mission und Ausbreitung des Christentums in drei ersten Jahrhunderten (Leipzig, 1902).
23. Adolf von Harnack,
Militia Christi. Die Chrisliche Religion und der Soldatenstand in den ersten drei Jahrhunderten (Tübingen, 1905).
24. Ibid., 30.
25. Ibid., 41-42.
26. Ibid., 18.
27. Ibid., 46-47.
28. Adolf von Harnack,
The Mission and Expansion of Christianity in the First Three Centuries, Vol. II. trans. James Moffatt (London, 1908), 59.
29. Ibid., 87.
30. Ibid
., 87-92.
31.
The Attitude, 3.
32. James Moffatt,
“War,” Dictionary of the Apostolic Church, ed. James Hastings, II (1918), 646-673;
“The War and Religious life in Great Britain,” American Journal of Theology, XX (October, 1916), 483-497.
33. the
“War,” 663.
34.
“The war and the Religious life in Great Britain,” 489.
35. Roland H. Bainton,
“The Early Church and War,” Harvard Theological Review 39 (1946), 189-212. 이 논문은
The Church, the Gospel and War (New York, 1948)에 포함되었다.
36.
Christian Attitudes toward War and Peace (Nashvillei Abingdon, 1960), 72-73.
37. Ibid., 75-76;
“The Early church and War,” 202.
38.
The Christian Attitude, 74-75;
“The Early church and War,” 203.
39.
“The Early church and War,” 206-207.
40. Ibid., 193-195.
41. Jean-Michel Hornus,
“Evangile et Labarum. Etude Sur l‘attitude du Christianisme Primitif fdevant les Problemes de l’Etat, de la guerre et de la violence,” Nourelle série théologique, 9 (Geneva, 1960).
42. E. A. Ryan,
“The Rejection of Millitary Service by the Early Christians,” Theological Studies 13 (1952), 1-32.
43. Ibid., 30.
44. Ibid., 24-28.
45. Ibid., 30.
46. Hans Freiherr von Campenhausen,
“Der Kriegsdienst der Christen in der Kirche des Altertums” Offener horijent, Festschrift K. Jaspers
(Munich, 1953), 255-264. 이 논문이 다시
Tradition und leben (Tubingen, 1960), 203-215 에 재수록 되었으며, 이 책이
Tradition and life in the Church, trans. A. V. Littledale (Philadelphia, 1968)이란 책명으로 英譯되었다.
47.
Tradition and life, 162-163.
48. Ibid., 164-165..
49. Ibid., 166.
50. Ibid., 160-161.
51. Heinrich Karpp,
“Die Stellung der Alten Kirche zu Kriegsdienst und Krieg,” Evangelische Theologie XXⅢ (1957), 496-515.
52. Ibid., 510.
53. Stephen Jero,
“Miles Gloriosus: The Christian and Military Service According to Tertullian,” Church History, 39 (1970), 285-298.
54. John Helgeland,
“Christian and the Roman Army: A.D. 173-337,” Church History 43 (1974), 149-163.
55. Louise J. Swift,
“War and the Christian Consience I: the Early years,” Aufstieg und Niedergang der Romischen Welt II. 23. I (New York, 1979), 835-867.
56. Stephen Gero,
“Miles Glorious,” 298.
57. 李村欣二,
“古代キリスト敎の軍隊 戰爭觀-具體的 態度の 考察,” 西洋史學 XXI (1954), 29.
58. Ibid., 28-29.
59. Ibid., 28-39.