1. Alfred Von Domazewiski,
“Die Religion des Romischen Heers,” Westdeutchen Zeitschrift fur Geschichte und Kunst, XIV (1985), 1-128.
2. Robert O. Fink, Allan S. Hoey, Walter F. Snyder,
“The Feriale Duranum,” Yale Classical Studies, VII (1940), 1-222. 이후
Feriale Duranum으로 약칭함.
3. A. D. Nock,
“The Roman Army and the Roman Reilgious Years,” Harvard Theological Review (앞으로
HTR로 약칭함), XLV (1952), 187-252.
4. J. Helgeland,
“Roman Army Religion,” ANRW, II. 16, 2 (1978), 1470-15
5. 대체로 로마의 군인생활이 직업화되고 군단이 그 나름의 개성을 갖기 시작한 것은 Marius 이후의 일로 이야기된다. Cf. F. E. Adcock,
Roman Art of War, 20.
6.
Livy. I. 32. 5.
7. A. D. Nock, 192.
8. A. D. Nock,
“The Developement of Paganism in the Roman Empire,” Cambridge Ancient History (앞으로
CAH로 약칭함), Vol XII, 433ff.
9. A. D. Nock, 193.
10. A. D. Nock,
“Religious Developements from the Close of the Republic to the Reign of Nero,” CAH, Vol. X, 483.
11. John Helgeland, Robert Daly, J. Patout Burns, 54.
12. Ibid., 48.
13. Cf. Mattingly,
HTR, XXX (1937), 103ff.
14. Allan S. Hoey,
“Official Policy towards Oriental Cults in the Roman Army,” Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, 70 (1939), 456-481.
15. A. D. Nock,
“The Roman Army and the Roman Religious Years,” HTR, XLV (1952), 195.
16. J. Hastings,
Encyclopedea of Religion and Ethics, Vol. 10, 839.
17. A. D. Nock,
“The Roman Army and the Roman Religoius Years,” HTR, XLV, 195.
18.
Feriale Duranum, 205-206.
19. 이후부터 Augustus가 Pontifex Maximus라는 칭호를 사용한이래 이 칭호는 Tribunicia Potestas(호민관의 직권)와 마찬가지로 황제에 속한 칭호로 되었다.
20. A. D. Nock,
“The Roman Army and the Roman Reilgious Years,” HTR, XLV, 223.
21. A. D. Nock,
“The Developement of Paganism in the Roman Empire,” CAH, Vol. XII, 433ff.
22. Domazewaki,
Die Rangordnung des Romish Heeres, 2nd ed.,
rev. Brian Dobson (Köln: Böhlau Verlag, 1967), 194.
23. J. Helgeland,
“Christians and the Roman Army,” ANRW, 11. 23. 1. (New York, 1979), 817.
24. 영어로된 text의 전체는 Robert O. Fink,
Roman Military Records on Papyrus: The American Philological Association Monograph.
26 (Cleveland: Press of Case Western Reserve University, 1971), 428-429에서 읽어볼 수 있다. Cf. J. Helgeland, R. J. Daly, J. P. Burns,
Christians and the Military, 51-54.
25.
Feriale Duranum, 185, 190.
26. J. Helgeland, R. J. Daly, J. P. Burns, 51.
27. Tertullianus,
Apologeticum, 16. 8.
28. Tertullianus,
Ad Nation, 12.
29. Tacitus,
Annales, II. 17. 2.
30. A. S. Hoey,
“Rosaliae Signorum,” HTR (1937), 16-17. 군대에서는 헌주와 기원이 함께 행해졌다. 민간에서도 동일한 이름의 종교의식이 죽은 사람들을 기념해 행해졌다.
31.
CIL, VII, 103.
32. Ibid., VII, 1031. Cf. J. Helgeland, R. J. Daly, J. P. Burns, 49.
33. Ibid., II, 6183.
34. Domazewski,
“Religion,” 12.
35. G. Webster,
The Roman Imperial Army (London, 1969), 135.
36. A. D. Nock,
“Religious Developements from the Close of the Republic to the Reign of Nero,” CAH, Vol. X, 483.
37. Domazewski,
“Religion,” 10.
38. A. D. Nock,
“The Roman Army and the Roman Religious Years,” HTR XLV (1952), 240.
39. Tertullianus,
De Idololatria, 19. 2.
“non convenit sacramento divino et humano” 40. J. Helgeland, I. Robert, J. Daly, J. Patout Burns, 50.
41. Edward A. Ryan,
“The Rejection of Military Service by the Eary Christians,” Theological Studies, XII (1952), 22. Cf. Bigelmair,
Die Beteiligung der Christen am offentlichen Leben in vorconstantinischer Zeit (Munich, 1902), 178.
42.
Polybius, IV. 21.
43. C. E. Brand,
Roman Military Law (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1968), 92.
44. Domazewski,
“Religion,” 40-45; Cf. Brand, 90-91;
Feriale Duranum, 94-95.
45. Tertullianus.
De Corona, I-X; Herbert Musurillo,
The Acts of the Christian Martyrs (Oxford, 1972), 250-59.
46. A. J. Rayner,
“Christian Society in the Roman Empire,” Journal of Greece and Rome, Vol. XI. No. 33 (1942), 113.
47.
Aristides, xxvi. 105;
Claudian, XXIV. 166ff; Cf. Nock,
“The Roman Army and the Roman Religious Years,” HTR, XLV, 221.
48.
Minucius Felix Octavius, 6.
“Sic dum universarum gentium sacra suscipiunt, etiam regna meruerunt” 49. A. D. Nock,
“Religious Developements from the Close of Republic to the Reign of Nero,” CAH, Vol. X, 483.
50. Cumont,
The Mysteries of Mithra (New York, 1956), 40.
51. L. Patterson,
Mithraism and Christianity (Cambridge, 1921), 40.
52. A. S. Hoey,
“Official Policy towards Oriental Cults in the Roman Army,” 480.
53. Ibid., 480.
54. Antonio Guiliano,
Arco di Constantino (Milan, 1955), plate. 57.
55.
CIl, III. 3316.
56. Richmond,
“The Roman Army and Roman Religion,” Bullentin of the John Rylands Library, XLV (1962), 194.
57. Hoey, 473.
58.
CIL, VII, 1068.
59. I. A. Richmond, 196.
60. A. D. Nock,
“The Developement of Paganism in the Roman Empire,” CAH, Vol. XII, 433.
61. 본 장 제일절
“초기 그리스도인들의 군복무 와 그 태도”를 참고하라.
62.
Apol., 42. 3.
“navigamus nos vobiscum et mulitamus”, Ibid
. 37, 4.
“hesternisumus et vestra omnia implevimus, urbes, insulas, munici conciliaftla, castra ipsa” 63. Eusebius,
HE, V. 4, 3; Tertullian,
Apol., 5. 1.
64. Eusebius, VIII. 4. 2.
65. Herbert Musurillo, 244-49.
66. Tertullian,
De Corona, 1. Cf.
Idolol, 19; A. V. Harnack,
Mission and Expansion, Vol. II, 53.
67. Eusebius,
HE, Vi. 41. 22ff.
68. 제 2절
“병사 순교 열전에 나타난 그리스도인들의 군복무관”의
“요약” 부분을 참고하라.
69. Cf. N. B. Baynes,
“The Great Persecution,” CAH, Vol. XII, 663.
70. Nock,
“The Roman Army and the Roman Religious Years,” HTR, XLV. 225.
71.
Dio, LXXII: 15. 2.
72.
Socrates, IV. 1. 10.
73. Tertullian,
De Corona, 11. 6.
74.
“교부들의 전쟁 및 군대 군복무관”을 참고하라.
75. Eusebius, VIII. 1.
76. Ibid., VII. 15; Lactantius,
De Mortibus Persecutorum, X.
77. Tertullian,
De Corona, II. 3-4.
78. Tertullian,
The Apostolic Tradition, III. 38. 1.
79. A. D. Nock,
Conversion (Oxford, 1966), 8ff.
80. Jonathan Smith,
“Native Cults in the Hellenistic Period,” History of Religion, XI (1971-1972), 231-249.
81. Pliny,
Epistles, X. 96ff.
82. Herbert Musurillo, 260-65.