A symbol of authority, in this case authority to carry out a judgment. The throne is “white,” suggesting probably the purity and justness of the decisions arrived at. It is also described as “great,” perhaps with reference to the momentous decisions arrived at.

 An indication of the absolute power of the One sitting upon the throne and of the transitory existence of this present world (Ps. 102:25, 26; 104:29, 30; Isa. 51:6; Mark 13:31; 2 Peter 3:10). The eternal order of things is to be of an entirely new kind (Rev. 21:1-5).

 The identity of the person seated on the throne is not stated, unless the phrase “before God” (v. 12) gives his identity. However, textual evidence attests (cf. p. 10) the reading “before the throne” in place of “before God.” Hence the identity remains uncertain.

 The Scriptures present both Christ (Rom. 14:10) and the Father (Heb. 12:23) as sitting in judgment. In Rev. 4:2, 8, 9; 5:1, 7, 13; 6:16; 7:10, 15; 19:4; 21:5 it is the Father who is seated on the throne, as the divine judge. The two work in closest unity (see on John 10:30). The official acts of one become the official acts of the other. Here it is doubtless Christ who leads out (see GC 666).