The introductory particle translated “if” has been the subject of much debate among commentators. Both ancient and modern versions reflect some uncertainty as to its correct meaning. Two interpretations predominate:

 (1) that of the KJV, RV, ASV, RSV, and others, which reflect the meaning, “If it be so, our God ... is able to deliver us, ... but if not,” etc.; and

 (2) that of modern commentators who interpret the passage, “If our God whom we serve is able to deliver us from the fiery burning furnace and from thy hand, O king, he will save (us); but if not,” etc. The latter translation is inconsistent with the faith of the three Jewish defendants elsewhere revealed. The first translation seems the more fair reflection of the firm faith of these worthies in God’s omnipotence and unsearchable wisdom. God could save them if it was best for them and for the glory of His name and cause. The “if” should not be taken as an indication of doubt in God’s power to save, but as an indication of uncertainty as to whether it was God’s will to save.

 The LXX has no introductory particle “if” and has the whole statement (vs. 16-18) a positive declaration: “O king, we have no need to answer thee concerning this command. For God in the heavens is our one Lord, whom we fear, and who is able to deliver us out of the furnace of fire; and out of your hands, O king, he will deliver us; and then it shall be manifest to thee that we will serve neither thy idol, nor worship thy golden image.” However, scholars generally prefer the Masoretic reading (see on v. 16).