It is possible that the figure in Chronicles of 1,100,000 includes the total of David’s standing army, 288,000 men (
ch. 27:1-15). In round numbers this would be 300,000 men, which, added to the 800,000 of Samuel, would make 1,100,000. The 500,000 of Samuel for Judah may also be a round number for the chronicler’s more exact figure of 470,000 (see further on
2 Sam. 24:9). The number of warriors in Israel had increased considerably since the Exodus, when the total, excluding Levites, stood at 603,550 (
Num. 1:46). See Introduction to Chronicles.