1. SDABC. 1：372, 887. 888. 1063
 2. Adam Clark, The New Testament of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ 〈New York, n. d..2： 524
 3. Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fansset, and Daivid Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Wh이e Bible 〈Grand Rapids, Mich., n.d.〉. p. 378
 4. Albert Banes, A Popular Commentary on the New Testament, Being Notes Practical and Explanatory 〈London, n.d.〉, 7：267
 5. A. T. Robertson, A Grammar of the Greek New Testament in the Light of Historical Research 〈London, n.d.〉. pp. 95,96 (377.1)