1. Paul Tillich,
Systematic Theology, 1957, I, p. 265. In his
Dynamics of Faith, 1958, p. 42, Tillich uses the example of the flag to illustrate how a symbol participates in that reality
“to which it points.” He writes,
“the flag participates in the power and dignity of the nation for which it stands. An attack on the flag is felt as an attack on the majesty of the group in which it is acknowledged. Such an attack is considered blasphemy.” Similarly in the Scripture, the profanation of the Sabbath, the symbol of divine ownership and authority, is viewed as apostasy (Ezek. 20:13, 21). See discussion below, pp. 12-115.
2. Tillich explains that a symbol
“not only opens up dimensions and elements of reality which otherwise would remain unapproachable but also unlocks dimensions and elements of our soul which correspond to the dimensions and elements of reality∙∙∙.There are within us dimensions of which we cannot become aware except through symbols, as melodies and rhythms in music”(
Dynamics of Faith, 1958, pp. 42, 43).
3. This comiection is recognized by Solomon Goldman, who writes,
“The whole purpose of the account of Creation was to emphasize the uniqueness and excellence of man and to impress him with the sanctity and blessedness of the seventh day or the Sabbath” (
In the Beginning, 1949, p. 744).
4. Philo,
De opificio Mundi 89; De Vita Mosis 1, 207
; De Specialibus Legibus 2, 59.
5. R. W. Emerson,
“The Divinity School Address,” Three Prophets of Religious Liberalism, C. C. Wright, ed., 1961, p. 111.
6. Modern commentators generally divide Genesis 2:4 in two parts, attaching the first part of the verse (v. 4a) to the first creation story (so-called source P) and its second part (v. 4b) to the second creation story (source J). The reasons for such a division are convincingly refuted by U. Cassuto in
La Questione della Genesi, 1934, pp. 268-272 and in
A Commentary on the Book of Genesis, 1961, pp. 96-99.
7. For example, Nicola Negretti points out that
“by means of Genesis 2:4a the author of the priestly story has linked together the creation week with the scheme of the toledot [generations] (cf. Gen. 5:1; 6:9; 10:1; 11:10-27; 25:12-19; 36:1-9; 37:2) and consequently he inserted it [i.e. the week] in the context of the history of salvation” (
Il Settimo Giorno, Analecta Biblica 55, 1973, p. 93; cf. p. 165, n. 31). See also H. C. Leupold,
Exposition of Genesis, 1950, p. 110; J. Scharbert,
“Der Sinn der Toledot Formel in der Priesterschrift,” in
Wort-Gebot-Glaube, Alt testamentliche Abhandlungen zur Theologie des Alten und Neuen Testaments 59 (1970): 45-56.
8. Genesis 2:4; 5:1; 6:9; 10:1; 11:10; 11:27; 25:12; 25:19; 36:1; 37:2.
(14.10)