References 1. See, e.g., A.H.M. Jomes,
The Later Roman Empire 284-602(Norman,Okla.:University of Oklahoma press, 1964), vol.1, pp. 445-449,735.
2. George Eldon Ladd,
A Commentary on the Revelation of John((Grand Rapids, Mich.:Wm.B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1972), pp. 97, 98.
3. M. Cary,
A History of Rome Down to the Reign of Constantine, 2d ed.(London:Macmillan and Co., 1954), p. 663, citing Edward Gibbon. Cf. p. 698.
4. See, e.g., GC 1:28, 29. A recent report showing fewer carcinomas among Seventh-day Adventists is found in Committee on Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer, Assembly of Life Sciences, National Research Council,
Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer(Washington, D.C.:National Academy press, 1982), ch. 16, p. 10. There have been others.
5. C. S. Lewis,
A Grief Observed(New York:Bantam Books, Inc., 1961, 1976), pp. 4, 5.
6. W. E. H. Lecky,
History of the Rise and Influence of the Spirit of Rationalism in Europe, authorized ed., 2 vols. in 1(London:Longmans, Green and Co., 1910), 2:36.
7. J. Byron Forbush, ed.,
Foxe's Book of Martyrs(Philadelphia:John C. Winston Company, 1926), chapter on persecutions in Great Britain and Ireland prior to the reign of Queen Mary I, adapted.
8. Thomas Gold and Steven Soter,
“The Deep-Earth-Gas Hypothesis,” Scientific American, June 1980, pp.154-161. After examining many earthquake accounts, this article suggests that the escape of methane and/or other gases from the earth’s mantle may explain ocean bubblings, killed fish, reports of fire issuing from cracks, and even tsunamis better then any other proposed explanations of such earthquake phenomena.
9. T.D.Kendrick,
The Lisbon Earthquake(Philadelphia:J.B.Lippincott Co.n.d.).
10.
Ibid., pp.46, 47.
11.
Ibid., preface and p.209.
12. The information about the dark day, including a few paraphrasings, is taken from various sources but mainly from Deryl Herbert Leggitt,
“An Investigation Into the Dark Day of May 19, 1780:Its Causes, Extent, and Duration”(M.A. thesis, Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary, 1951).
13. Leggitt,
“Dark Day,” pp.60, 105.
14. The information about the 1833 star shower is based on various sources including
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th ed., 1979, art.
“Meteors,” by P.M. Millman;
“November Showers,” Time, November 18, 1966, pp.118, 119;
“Stars Fell on Arizona,” Time, November 25, 1966, pp.71, 72;and LeRoy Edwin Froom,
The Prophetic Faith of Our Fathers, 4 vols.(Washington, D.C.:Review and Herald Publishing Assn., 1946-1954), 4:289-300.
15. Frederick Douglass,
Life and Times of Frederick Douglass(New York:Pathfinder Press, 1941).in Froom,
Prophetic Faith, 4:298.
16. Ward's letter was published in the November 16, 1833, issue of
The New York Journal of Commerce(misdated November 14), and part of it was repeated in the issue for November 27. See Froom, Prophetic Faith, 4:298, 299.
17. See, e.g., James Muirhead,
Historical Introduction to the Private Law of Rome, 3d.ed. London:A.and C. Black, 1916, pp.262, 263;
John Crook, Law and Life of Rome(Ithaca, N.Y.:Cornell University Press, 1967), p.128; and R. W. Leage,
Roman Private Law, ed. C.H.Ziegler(London: Macmillan and Co., 1946), pp.204, 205. There seems to be some doubt whether the balance man, the
familiae emptor, was counted as a witness.
18. Gottfried Fitzer,
“Sphragis, Sphragizo, Katasphragizo,” Gerhard Kittel and Gerhard Friedrich,
Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, trans. and ed., Geoffrey W. Bromily, 9 vols.(Grand Rapids, Mich.:Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1964-1974), 7:950. But although Fitzer notes similarities between the scroll and a legal will, he stops well short of identifying the scroll with a will, noting that the Revelation metaphor is not worked out consistently and listing several points in which the Revelation scenario is distinctly different from what one would expect in relation to a legal Roman will. A footnote attributes to E. Lohmeyer,
“The choice of the no. seven is not based on Roman law;the number is a religious symbol.” 19. For the use of tablets for wills, see, e.g., Allan Watson,
The Law of the Ancient Romans(Dallas:Southern Methodist University Press, 1970), pp.84, 85;Muirhead,
Private Law of Rome, pp.154, 155; Leage,
Roman Private Law, pp.201, 202.
20. Ladd,
Revelation, p.115.